Concrete can provide an efficient structural frame for all projects. Below is an illustration of some of the frame options.
Further information can be found in 'Economic Frame Elements - A pre-scheme design handbook for the rapid sizing and selection of reinforced concrete frame elements in multi-storey buildings'. This publication is available from C&CI.
One-way solid slabs
Advantages: simple; holes cause few structural problems.
One-way slabs with band beams
Advantages: medium range spans; simple; large and small holes can be accommodated; fast; amenable to simple distribution of horizontal services.
Ribbed slabs
Advantages: medium to long spans; lightweight; holes in topping easily accommodated; profile may be expressed architecturally, or used for heat transfer in passive cooling.
Ribbed slabs with band beams
Advantages; medium to long spans; lightweight; holes in topping easily accommodated; large holes can be accommodated.
Troughed slabs
Advantages: longer spans than one-way solid or flat slabs; lightweight; level soffit, profiles may be expressed architecturally, or used for heat transfer; holes in ribbed slab areas cause little or no problem.
Two-way solid slabs
Advantage: economical for longer spans and high loads.
Waffle slabs
Advantages: medium to long spans; lightweight; profiles may be expressed architecturally, or used for heat transfer.
Waffle slabs with integral beams
Advantages: medium spans; lightweight; level soffit; profiles may be expressed architecturally, or used for heat transfer.
Flat slabs
Advantages: simple and fast formwork and construction; absence of beams allows lower storey heights; flexibility of partition location and horizontal service distribution; architectural finish can be applied directly to the underside of the slab.